# include <iostream.h> # include <graphics.h> # include <conio.h> # include <math.h> # define f 0.3 # define projection_angle 45 void show_screen( ); void apply_translation(int[8][3],const int,const int,const int); void multiply_matrices(const float[4],const float[4][4],float[4]); void draw_cube(int [8][3]); void get_projected_point(int&,int&,int&); void Line(const int,const int,const int,const int); int main( ) { int driver=VGA; int mode=VGAHI; initgraph(&driver,&mode,\"..\\\\Bgi\"); show_screen( ); int cube[8][3]={ {270,200,50}, // front left top {370,200,50}, // front right top {370,300,50}, // front right bottom {270,300,50}, // front left bottom {270,200,-50}, // back left top {370,200,-50}, // back right top {370,300,-50}, // back right bottom {270,300,-50} // back left bottom }; setcolor(15); draw_cube(cube); setcolor(15); settextstyle(0,0,1); outtextxy(50,415,\"*** Use Arrows, + & - Keys to apply Translation.\"); int key_code_1=0; int key_code_2=0; char Key_1=NULL; char Key_2=NULL; do { Key_1=NULL; Key_2=NULL; key_code_1=0; key_code_2=0; Key_1=getch( ); key_code_1=int(Key_1); if(key_code_1==0) { Key_2=getch( ); key_code_2=int(Key_2); } if(key_code_1==27) break; else if(key_code_1==43) { setfillstyle(1,0); bar(40,70,600,410); apply_translation(cube,0,0,25); setcolor(7); draw_cube(cube); } else if(key_code_1==45) { setfillstyle(1,0); bar(40,70,600,410); apply_translation(cube,0,0,-25); setcolor(8); draw_cube(cube); } else if(key_code_1==0) { if(key_code_2==72) { setfillstyle(1,0); bar(40,70,600,410); apply_translation(cube,0,-25,0); setcolor(10); draw_cube(cube); } else if(key_code_2==75) { setfillstyle(1,0); bar(40,70,600,410); apply_translation(cube,-25,0,0); setcolor(12); draw_cube(cube); } else if(key_code_2==77) { setfillstyle(1,0); bar(40,70,600,410); apply_translation(cube,25,0,0); setcolor(14); draw_cube(cube); } else if(key_code_2==80) { setfillstyle(1,0); bar(40,70,600,410); apply_translation(cube,0,25,0); setcolor(9); draw_cube(cube); } } } while(1); return 0; } //------------------------ apply_translation( ) -----------------------// void apply_translation(int edge_points[8][3], const int Tx,const int Ty,const int Tz) { for(int count=0;count<8;count++) { float matrix_a[4]={edge_points[count][0],edge_points[count][1], edge_points[count][2],1}; float matrix_b[4][4]={ { 1,0,0,0 } , { 0,1,0,0 } , { 0,0,1,0 } ,{ Tx,Ty,Tz,1 } }; float matrix_c[4]={0}; multiply_matrices(matrix_a,matrix_b,matrix_c); edge_points[count][0]=(int)(matrix_c[0]+0.5); edge_points[count][1]=(int)(matrix_c[1]+0.5); edge_points[count][2]=(int)(matrix_c[2]+0.5); } } /************************************************************************/ //---------------------- multiply_matrices( ) ------------------------// /************************************************************************/ void multiply_matrices(const float matrix_1[4], const float matrix_2[4][4],float matrix_3[4]) { for(int count_1=0;count_1<4;count_1++) { for(int count_2=0;count_2<4;count_2++) matrix_3[count_1]+= (matrix_1[count_2]*matrix_2[count_2][count_1]); } } /************************************************************************/ //---------------------------- draw_cube( ) --------------------------// /************************************************************************/ void draw_cube(int edge_points[8][3]) { for(int i=0;i<8;i++) get_projected_point(edge_points[i][0], edge_points[i][1],edge_points[i][2]); Line(edge_points[0][0],edge_points[0][1], edge_points[1][0],edge_points[1][1]); Line(edge_points[1][0],edge_points[1][1], edge_points[2][0],edge_points[2][1]); Line(edge_points[2][0],edge_points[2][1], edge_points[3][0],edge_points[3][1]); Line(edge_points[3][0],edge_points[3][1], edge_points[0][0],edge_points[0][1]); Line(edge_points[4][0],edge_points[4][1], edge_points[5][0],edge_points[5][1]); Line(edge_points[5][0],edge_points[5][1], edge_points[6][0],edge_points[6][1]); Line(edge_points[6][0],edge_points[6][1], edge_points[7][0],edge_points[7][1]); Line(edge_points[7][0],edge_points[7][1], edge_points[4][0],edge_points[4][1]); Line(edge_points[0][0],edge_points[0][1], edge_points[4][0],edge_points[4][1]); Line(edge_points[1][0],edge_points[1][1], edge_points[5][0],edge_points[5][1]); Line(edge_points[2][0],edge_points[2][1], edge_points[6][0],edge_points[6][1]); Line(edge_points[3][0],edge_points[3][1], edge_points[7][0],edge_points[7][1]); } /************************************************************************/ //--------------------- get_projected_point( ) -----------------------// /************************************************************************/ void get_projected_point(int& x,int& y,int& z) { float fcos0=(f*cos(projection_angle*(M_PI/180))); float fsin0=(f*sin(projection_angle*(M_PI/180))); float Par_v[4][4]={ {1,0,0,0}, {0,1,0,0}, {fcos0,fsin0,0,0}, {0,0,0,1} }; float xy[4]={x,y,z,1}; float new_xy[4]={0}; multiply_matrices(xy,Par_v,new_xy); x=(int)(new_xy[0]+0.5); y=(int)(new_xy[1]+0.5); z=(int)(new_xy[2]+0.5); } //------------------------------- Line( ) -----------------------------// void Line(const int x_1,const int y_1,const int x_2,const int y_2) { int color=getcolor( ); int x1=x_1; int y1=y_1; int x2=x_2; int y2=y_2; if(x_1>x_2) { x1=x_2; y1=y_2; x2=x_1; y2=y_1; } int dx=abs(x2-x1); int dy=abs(y2-y1); int inc_dec=((y2>=y1)?1:-1); if(dx>dy) { int two_dy=(2*dy); int two_dy_dx=(2*(dy-dx)); int p=((2*dy)-dx); int x=x1; int y=y1; putpixel(x,y,color); while(x<x2) { x++; if(p<0) p+=two_dy; else { y+=inc_dec; p+=two_dy_dx; } putpixel(x,y,color); } } else { int two_dx=(2*dx); int two_dx_dy=(2*(dx-dy)); int p=((2*dx)-dy); int x=x1; int y=y1; putpixel(x,y,color); while(y!=y2) { y+=inc_dec; if(p<0) p+=two_dx; else { x++; p+=two_dx_dy; } putpixel(x,y,color); } } } //-------------------------- show_screen( ) ---------------------------// void show_screen( ) { setfillstyle(1,1); bar(205,26,430,38); settextstyle(0,0,1); setcolor(15); outtextxy(5,5,\"******************************************************************************\"); outtextxy(5,17,\"*-**************************************************************************-*\"); outtextxy(5,29,\"*---------------------- -----------------------*\"); outtextxy(5,41,\"*-**************************************************************************-*\"); outtextxy(5,53,\"*-**************************************************************************-*\"); setcolor(11); outtextxy(210,29,\"Translation Transformation\"); setcolor(15); for(int count=0;count<=30;count++) outtextxy(5,(65+(count*12)),\"*-* *-*\"); outtextxy(5,438,\"*-**************************************************************************-*\"); outtextxy(5,450,\"*------------------------- -------------------------*\"); outtextxy(5,462,\"******************************************************************************\"); setcolor(12); outtextxy(229,450,\"Press any Key to exit.\"); }